While some contemporaries were critical of her comportment, many people accepted her behaviour-until they became shocked with the subversive tone of her novels.
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Also scandalous was Sand's smoking tobacco in public neither peerage nor gentry had yet sanctioned the free indulgence of women in such a habit, especially in public, although Franz Liszt's paramour Marie d'Agoult affected this as well, smoking large cigars. In addition to being comfortable, Sand's male attire enabled her to circulate more freely in Paris than most of her female contemporaries and gave her increased access to venues that barred women, even those of her social standing.
Sand was one of those women who wore men's clothing without a permit, justifying it as being less expensive and far sturdier than the typical dress of a noblewoman at the time. Some women applied for health, occupational, or recreational reasons (e.g., horseback riding), but many women chose to wear pants and other traditional male attire in public without receiving a permit. In 1800, the police issued an order requiring women to apply for a permit in order to wear male clothing. Sand was one of many notable 19th-century women who chose to wear male attire in public. Sand inherited the house in 1821 when her grandmother died, and used the setting in many of her novels.Īurore Dupin meeting Joachim Murat in her uniform, illustrated by H. She was raised for much of her childhood by her grandmother Marie-Aurore de Saxe, Madame Amantine Aurore Lucile Dupin de Francueil, at her grandmother's house in the village of Nohant, in the French province of Berry. She was the paternal great-granddaughter of the Marshal of France Maurice de Saxe (1696-1750), and on her mother's side, her grandfather was Antoine Delaborde, master paulmier and master birder. Personal life Childhood Īmantine Aurore Lucile Dupin, the future George Sand, was born on 1 July 1804 in Paris on Meslay Street to Maurice Dupin de Francueil and Sophie-Victoire Delaborde.
Like her great-grandmother, Louise Dupin, whom she admired, George Sand stood up for women, advocated passion, castigated marriage and fought against the prejudices of a conservative society. One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime, being more renowned than either Victor Hugo or Honoré de Balzac in England in the 1830s and 1840s, Sand is recognised as one of the most notable writers of the European Romantic era, with more than 50 volumes of various works to her credit, including tales, plays and political texts, alongside her 70 novels. Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil ( French: 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand ( French: ), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist.
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